How might climate change impact urban areas specifically?

Urban areas are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, and one significant impact is the intensification of heat waves and air pollution. As global temperatures rise, cities—often described as "heat islands" due to their dense infrastructure and limited vegetation—experience even higher temperatures. This phenomenon can lead to prolonged and more severe heat waves, which not only pose serious health risks to residents but also strain energy resources as demand for cooling increases.

Additionally, the combination of warmer temperatures and urban pollution can create conditions that exacerbate air quality issues. Higher temperatures can cause the formation of ground-level ozone, a harmful air pollutant, which can lead to respiratory problems and other health issues. Therefore, the interplay between heat waves and air pollution in urban settings highlights a critical challenge posed by climate change, making it essential for city planners and policymakers to develop adaptive strategies to protect public health and enhance urban resilience.

The other options suggest positive outcomes—like increasing green spaces, reducing pollution, or improving water quality—that are generally not accurate reflections of the direct impacts of climate change on urban areas.