What can lead to the degradation of marine ecosystems?

The degradation of marine ecosystems can be significantly attributed to plastic pollution and habitat destruction. Plastic items that end up in the ocean can cause harm to marine life through ingestion or entanglement, leading to reduced populations and biodiversity. Moreover, habitat destruction, such as the destruction of coral reefs or mangroves, profoundly impacts the species that depend on these ecosystems for shelter, breeding, and food. Together, these factors contribute to the decline of marine health and the overall functioning of these vital environments.

In contrast, strict fishing regulations and the establishment of marine protected areas are proactive measures designed to preserve and rehabilitate marine ecosystems, thereby helping maintain their integrity and health. While increased tourism can bring economic benefits, without proper regulations and management, it can lead to negative impacts on ecosystems, such as pollution and overuse of resources. However, the most direct and immediate threats to marine ecosystems highlighted in this context are the actions associated with plastic pollution and habitat destruction.