What defines a biodiversity hotspot?

A biodiversity hotspot is defined as a region that is both rich in endemic species and experiencing significant habitat loss. This definition emphasizes two critical aspects: the presence of a high number of unique species that are not found anywhere else in the world, and the urgent need for conservation efforts due to threats to their natural habitats.

Endemic species are crucial for maintaining ecological balance and providing various ecosystem services. However, when these areas face habitat loss—whether through deforestation, urbanization, or climate change—the survival of these species, as well as the overall health of the ecosystem, becomes jeopardized. Consequently, identifying and prioritizing conservation efforts in biodiversity hotspots is essential for protecting these unique species and their environments.

The other options do not accurately represent the concept of a biodiversity hotspot. High technological development may not correlate with biodiversity richness, while areas with minimal species variety do not fulfill the criteria of being a hotspot. Lastly, regions unaffected by climate change are not necessarily considered biodiversity hotspots, as many hotspots are under threat from changing climate conditions. Therefore, focusing on endemic species in areas facing habitat loss captures the essence of what constitutes a biodiversity hotspot.