What does habitat fragmentation lead to?

Habitat fragmentation refers to the process in which large, continuous habitats are divided into smaller, isolated sections, often as a result of human activities such as urban development, agriculture, and road building. This fragmentation has significant ecological consequences that negatively affect biodiversity and ecosystem function.

When habitats become fragmented, the species that inhabit those areas can find it increasingly difficult to migrate, find mates, and maintain viable populations. This isolation can lead to a decrease in genetic diversity, making species more vulnerable to diseases and environmental changes. Moreover, smaller populations may struggle with inbreeding and loss of genetic variation, which further threatens their survival.

Ecosystem functions, such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem resilience, can also be compromised as species that perform these functions become less abundant or are extirpated from certain areas. The interdependence of species in an ecosystem means that the loss of even a few key species can lead to broader declines in ecosystem health.

This understanding explains why the correct answer highlights the detrimental effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity and overall ecosystem function, making it a critical topic in conservation biology.