What is the primary mechanism by which air pollution can lead to negative health impacts?

The primary mechanism by which air pollution leads to negative health impacts is systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Airborne pollutants, such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds, can enter the respiratory system and, from there, penetrate into the bloodstream. This process triggers an inflammatory response as the body reacts to these foreign substances.

As immune cells are activated, they release pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can spread throughout the body, leading to systemic inflammation. This condition is linked to various health issues, including heart disease, respiratory problems, and even neurological disorders.

Moreover, the exposure to these pollutants can also create oxidative stress, which occurs when there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body. Oxidative stress can damage cells, proteins, and DNA, further contributing to the development of chronic diseases.

In contrast, water contamination does not directly relate to air pollution, nor does direct sunlight exposure. Increased nutritional intake is unrelated to the effects of air pollution on health. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress is essential for grasping how air pollution jeopardizes public health.