Which of the following diseases is NOT increased by exposure to particulate matter?

The choice indicating bone fractures as a disease not increased by exposure to particulate matter is correct because particulate matter primarily impacts the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Fine particles can enter the lungs and bloodstream, leading to respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as cardiovascular issues, including heart attacks. Additionally, exposure to particulate matter has been linked to increased cancer risk, particularly lung cancer. However, there is no strong evidence to suggest that exposure to particulate matter directly contributes to or increases the incidence of bone fractures, which are typically associated with factors like physical trauma, dietary deficiencies (like calcium or vitamin D), and certain medical conditions, rather than air quality or particulate exposure. Thus, bone fractures stand out as unrelated to the adverse effects of particulate matter exposure.